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Understanding TMJ Pain

Affects eating, speaking, and quality of life

10M+Americans affected by TMJ disorders
View ConditionsSee Exercises
Understanding the Joint

TMJ Anatomy

TMJ anatomy illustration

The temporomandibular joint connects the jawbone to the skull with both hinge and sliding motion for chewing and speaking.

Key Structures

  • Temporomandibular joint (jaw hinge)
  • Articular disc (cushion)
  • Masseter muscle (main chewing muscle)
  • Temporalis muscle (assists chewing)
  • Lateral pterygoid (opens jaw)
Common Causes

TMJ Pain Conditions

TMJ Disorder (TMD)

5-12% of population

Umbrella term for dysfunction of the jaw joint and surrounding muscles.

Symptoms

  • Jaw pain or tenderness
  • Clicking or popping sounds
  • Limited jaw opening
  • Pain with chewing

Jaw Arthritis

Common

Osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis affecting the TMJ.

Symptoms

  • Stiffness
  • Grinding or grating sensation
  • Pain with jaw movement
  • Swelling

Bruxism

Very common

Unconscious clenching or grinding of teeth, often during sleep or stress.

Symptoms

  • Worn or damaged teeth
  • Morning jaw pain or fatigue
  • Headaches upon waking
  • Tight jaw muscles

Disc Displacement

Common

The articular disc that cushions the TMJ moves out of its normal position.

Symptoms

  • Clicking with jaw opening
  • Jaw may lock open or shut
  • Pain with wide opening
  • Asymmetric jaw movement

Myofascial Pain

Common

Pain originating from the muscles that control jaw movement.

Symptoms

  • Aching facial pain
  • Pain referring to ear, head, neck
  • Tender muscle knots
  • Pain worse with stress
Physical Therapy

Recommended Exercises

Consult a healthcare provider before starting any exercise program.

Jaw Relaxation

5 min, multiple times/dayMuscle tension

Rest tongue on roof of mouth behind front teeth. Allow teeth to separate and jaw muscles to relax.

Goldfish Exercise

6 reps x 6 times/dayControlled opening

Place one finger on TMJ, one on chin. Drop lower jaw halfway open, then close. Perform slowly without clicking.

Chin Tucks

10 reps x 3 setsPosture and neck

Pull chin straight back making a double chin. Hold 3 seconds. Helps correct forward head posture.

Resisted Opening

10 repsJaw strength

Place thumb under chin. Open mouth slowly while providing gentle resistance with thumb.

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Red Flags

When to See a Doctor

  • ! Jaw locked open or shut
  • ! Severe pain not relieved by OTC medications
  • ! Difficulty eating or speaking
  • ! Facial swelling
  • ! Symptoms worsening despite self-care
  • ! Ear pain with no ear infection
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